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British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history and the elections of 2011 were generally regarded as credible. In January 2014, Nigeria assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2014-15 term.
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Geography :: NIGERIA
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Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
10 00 N, 8 00 E
Africa
total: 923,768 sq km
land: 910,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km
country comparison to the world:
32about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California
Area comparison map:
total: 4,477 km
border countries (4): Benin 809 km, Cameroon 1,975 km, Chad 85 km, Niger 1,608 km
853 km
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land
agricultural land: 78%
arable land 37.3%; permanent crops 7.4%; permanent pasture 33.3%
forest: 9.5%
other: 12.5% (2011 est.)
2,932 sq km (2004)
286.2 cu km (2011)
total: 13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%)
per capita: 89.21 cu m/yr (2005)
periodic droughts; flooding
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
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People and Society :: NIGERIA
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noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential are: Hausa and the Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
181,562,056
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
80-14 years: 43.01% (male 39,960,275/female 38,123,266)
15-24 years: 19.38% (male 17,978,154/female 17,210,308)
25-54 years: 30.56% (male 28,470,583/female 27,018,101)
55-64 years: 3.94% (male 3,491,784/female 3,669,348)
65 years and over: 3.11% (male 2,687,373/female 2,952,864) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 87.7%
youth dependency ratio: 82.6%
elderly dependency ratio: 5.1%
potential support ratio: 19.5% (2015 est.)
total: 18.2 years
male: 18.2 years
female: 18.3 years (2015 est.)
2.45% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2737.64 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1212.9 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
18-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
121urban population: 47.8% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 4.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Lagos 13.123 million; Kano 3.587 million; Ibadan 3.16 million; ABUJA (capital) 2.44 million; Port Harcourt 2.343 million; Benin City 1.496 million (2015)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
total: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 77.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
10total population: 53.02 years
male: 52 years
female: 54.1 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2135.19 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1315.1% (2013)
3.9% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world:
1090.41 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)
improved:
urban: 80.8% of population
rural: 57.3% of population
total: 68.5% of population
unimproved:
urban: 19.2% of population
rural: 42.7% of population
total: 31.5% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 32.8% of population
rural: 25.4% of population
total: 29% of population
unimproved:
urban: 67.2% of population
rural: 74.6% of population
total: 71% of population (2015 est.)
3.17% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
203,228,600 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2174,300 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
water contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
9.7% (2014)
country comparison to the world:
14631% (2013)
country comparison to the world:
12NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 59.6%
male: 69.2%
female: 49.7% (2015 est.)
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2005)
total number: 11,396,823
percentage: 29% (2007 est.)
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Government :: NIGERIA
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conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria
federal republic
name: Abuja
geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
1 October 1960 (from the UK)
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999; amended 2010 (2010)
mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Maj.Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015)
cabinet: Federal Executive Council appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by 'qualified' majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in February 2019)
election results: Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (CPC) 53%, Goodluck JONATHAN (PDP) 46%
description: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) and the House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in February 2019); House of Representatives - last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in 2019)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 60, PDP 49; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 225, PDP 125, other 10
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system
Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]
Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE]
All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU]
All Progressives Congress [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE, acting]
All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]
Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH]
Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI]
Labor Party or LP [Chief Dan NWANYANWU]
Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Adamu MU'AZU]
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU
Campaign for Democracy or CD
Civil Liberties Organization or CLO
Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR
Constitutional Right Project or CRP
Human Right Africa
National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL
National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS
Nigerian Bar Association or NBA
Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC
Nigerian Medical Association or NMA
Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD
other: the press
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Hakeem Toyin BALOGUN (since 27 August 2015)
chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400
FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York
chief of mission: Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE (since 26 November 2013)
embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja
mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja
telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000
FAX: [234] (9) 461-4171
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity
eagle; national colors: green, white
name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"
lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE
note: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest
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Economy :: NIGERIA
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Following an April 2014 statistical "rebasing" exercise, Nigeria has emerged as Africa's largest economy, with 2014 GDP estimated at US$479 billion. Oil has been a dominant source of government revenues since the 1970s. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production contracted in 2012 and 2013. Nevertheless, the Nigerian economy has continued to grow at a rapid 6%-8% per annum (pre-rebasing), driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services, and the medium-term outlook for Nigeria is good, assuming oil output stabilizes and oil prices remain strong. Fiscal authorities pursued countercyclical policies in 2011-13, significantly reducing the budget deficit. Monetary policy has also been contractionary. Following the 2008-9 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels - over 62% of Nigeria's 170 million people live in extreme poverty. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, continue to diversify production, and further improve fiscal management. The government is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power.
$1.049 trillion (2014 est.)
$986.8 billion (2013 est.)
$936.3 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world:
21$573.7 billion (2014 est.)
6.3% (2014 est.)
5.4% (2013 est.)
4.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
19$6,000 (2014 est.)
$5,700 (2013 est.)
$5,400 (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world:
15917.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
18.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
19.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
90household consumption: 72.5%
government consumption: 8.4%
investment in fixed capital: 16.4%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 14.9%
imports of goods and services: -12.1%
(2014 est.)
agriculture: 20.6%
industry: 25.6%
services: 53.8% (2014 est.)
cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; s and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
4.6% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
5754.97 million (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
11agriculture: 70%
industry: 10%
services: 20% (1999 est.)
23.9% (2011 est.)
4.9% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world:
17170% (2010 est.)
lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est.)
43.7 (2003)
50.6 (1997)
country comparison to the world:
47revenues: $22.77 billion
expenditures: $34.62 billion (2014 est.)
3.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
212-2% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
8511.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
10.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
149calendar year
8.1% (2014 est.)
8.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2024.25% (31 December 2010)
6% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world:
8917% (31 December 2014 est.)
16.72% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
29$45.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$44.59 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
53$108.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$99.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
52$119.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$109.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
50$56.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$39.27 billion (31 December 2011)
$50.88 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world:
50
-
$12.67 billion (2014 est.)
$21.85 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
22$93.01 billion (2014 est.)
$96.74 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
43petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber (2012 est.)
India 15.4%, Brazil 10.2%, Netherlands 8.5%, Spain 8.5%, South Africa 5.5%, France 5.4%, Germany 5.1%, Japan 4.4% (2014)
$52.79 billion (2014 est.)
$51.38 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
54machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
China 25.3%, US 9.7%, India 4.7% (2014)
$37.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$45.66 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
48$22.01 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$18.63 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
82$81.72 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$76.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
48$10.87 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$9.113 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
55nairas (NGN) per US dollar -
157.3 (2014 est.)
157.31 (2013 est.)
156.81 (2012 est.)
154.7 (2011 est.)
150.3 (2010 est.)
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Energy :: NIGERIA
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27.27 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
6924.78 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
680 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1790 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1816.09 million kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
7265% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1170% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
15233.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
691.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2102.423 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
132.411 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
50 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
10537.07 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
10101,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
73280,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
4216,120 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
72180,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
3538.41 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2715.69 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
5522.12 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
140 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1085.118 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
986.4 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
44
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Communications :: NIGERIA
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total subscriptions: 180,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
130total: 139 million
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 78 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
9general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem
domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth, but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons
international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)
nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)
AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2001)
.ng
total: 66.6 million
percent of population: 37.6% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
9
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Transportation :: NIGERIA
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54 (2013)
country comparison to the world:
88total: 40
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 3 (2013)
total: 14
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m:
3 (2013)
5 (2013)
condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)
total: 3,798 km
standard gauge: 293 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)
country comparison to the world:
50total: 193,200 km
paved: 28,980 km
unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)
country comparison to the world:
278,600 km (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011)
country comparison to the world:
15total: 89
by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 3 (India 1, UK 2)
registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)
country comparison to the world:
54major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos
LNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2014, 18 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 31 attacks in 2013; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire
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Military :: NIGERIA
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Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
males age 16-49: 37,087,711
females age 16-49: 35,232,127 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 20,839,976
females age 16-49: 19,867,683 (2010 est.)
male: 1,767,428
female: 1,687,719 (2010 est.)
0.89% of GDP (2012)
0.98% of GDP (2011)
0.89% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world:
108
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Transnational Issues :: NIGERIA
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Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved
IDPs: 1,538,982 (Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2015)
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF